Not your scenario really but a HBA will allow you to use SATA and SAS drives. Gives a bit more flexibility on price, especially with 2nd hand SAS drives.
My drives are currently in a box supplied by wires hanging out of the PC (Server!) casing but it would look much neater with a 4 bay hot swap cage built for the purpose.
I just wish I could get the full 12 Gb/s out of the couple of SAS drives I use :o(



Hardware - Start small and cheap. If you have it already use it. build it out as you need and understand it.
Software (OS) - Debian based perhaps. Docker probarbly.
Utilities - What would you like to do today? pick one, Pihole is useful.
Once you get something working for yourself, you’ll start to build on that knowledge.
Above all be brave and be curious.